Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate exciton-field coupling for the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) in waveguide-confined (WC) anti-symmetric modes of hexagonal plasmonic crystals in InP-TiOAu-TiO-Si heterostructures. The radiative decay time of the InP-based transverse magnetic (TM)-strained multi-quantum well (MQW) coupled to the SPP modes is observed to be 2.9-3.7 times shorter than that of a bare MQW wafer. Theoretically we find that 80 % of the enhanced photoluminescence (PL) is emitted into SPP modes, and 17 % of the enhanced PL is redirected into WC-anti-symmetric modes. In addition to the direct coupling of the excitons to the plasmonic modes, this demonstration is also useful for the development of high-temperature SPP lasers, the development of highly integrated photo-electrical devices, or miniaturized biosensors.
Highlights
Surface-bound optical excitations with extremely small mode volume can dramatically alter the spontaneous emission rate of nearby emitters [1,2,3]
We proposed and tested a symmetric plasmonic crystal that is highly tolerant to fabrication imperfections, while supporting an anti-symmetric-like mode which significantly suppresses ohmic losses and shifting a symmetric mode toward lower frequencies
We find that 80 % of the enhanced PL is emitted into surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, and 17 % can be extracted into WC-antisymmetric modes, which is more than five times higher than the extraction efficiency for the unpatterned semiconductor wafer (3 %)
Summary
Surface-bound optical excitations with extremely small mode volume can dramatically alter the spontaneous emission rate of nearby emitters [1,2,3]. In which the metal membrane is sandwiched by the same dielectric media on its top and bottom, surface-bound optical excitations propagating on two sides of the metal layer are coupled in such a way to produce a field maximum or minimum at the center of the metal layer [4,5]. Among such surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), modes with odd symmetry across the metal layer reduce ohmic losses. As opposed to earlier work which relied on the SPP resonance in the visible [2,3,9], a novel design to achieve Purcell enhancement for SPP modes in the infrared (IR) wavelength range is important for the development of room-temperature plasmonic lasers [11,12,13] and high-efficiency light emitting diodes, operating at telecommunication wavelength
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