Abstract
The results of recent theoretical studies of features of superconducting states in hybrid structures whose properties are significantly determined by the spin–orbit effects have been reported. The two main phenomena appearing in such systems in the presence of additional spin splitting caused either by the Zeeman effect in a magnetic field or by the exchange field: (i) the generation of spontaneous currents and (ii) the appearance of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases. It has been shown that the spin–orbit coupling can be a key mechanism that allows implementing new inhomogeneous phase structures, in particular, the so-called “phase batteries.” The effect of geometric factors on the properties of topologically nontrivial superconducting states has been analyzed. New types of topological transitions in vortex states of Majorana wires have been proposed.
Highlights
Experimental and theoretical studies of new types of superconducting states whose properties are significantly determined by spin–orbit coupling effects have recently constituted one of the important fields in the physics of superconductivity
The appearance of such spontaneous superconducting current at the interface between the superconductor and ferromagnet with the strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling leads to the generation of the magnetic field at the edges of the sample, changes the slope of the temperature dependence of the critical field Hc3 in type-II superconductors, and can be accompanied by the generation of Abrikosov vortices near the SC/FM interface
In [42, 43], using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equations, geometrical effects are studied in hybrid structures consisting of a s-wave superconductor and a single-mode semiconductor wire with the strong spin–orbit coupling and a large g factor, which are characteristic of topologically nontrivial superconducting states (Fig. 3)
Summary
Experimental and theoretical studies of new types of superconducting states whose properties are significantly determined by spin–orbit coupling effects have recently constituted one of the important fields in the physics of superconductivity. The appearance of such spontaneous superconducting current at the interface between the superconductor and ferromagnet with the strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling leads to the generation of the magnetic field at the edges of the sample, changes the slope of the temperature dependence of the critical field Hc3 in type-II superconductors, and can be accompanied by the generation of Abrikosov vortices near the SC/FM interface. In [42, 43], using the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equations, geometrical effects are studied in hybrid structures consisting of a s-wave superconductor and a single-mode semiconductor wire with the strong spin–orbit coupling and a large g factor, which are characteristic of topologically nontrivial superconducting states (Fig. 3). Such phase batteries can be used to test the presence of topological superconductivity in Majorana networks
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