Abstract
Even though instrumental advancements are constantly being made in analytical chemistry, sample preparation is still considered the bottleneck of analytical methods. To this end, researchers are developing new sorbent materials to improve and replace existing ones, with the ultimate goal to improve current methods and make them more efficient and effective. A few years ago, an alternative trend was started toward sample preparation: the use of sponge or sponge-like materials. These materials possess favorable characteristics, such as negligible weight, open-hole structure, high surface area, and variable surface chemistry. Although their use seemed promising, this trend soon reversed, due to either the increasing use of nanomaterials in sample preparation or the limited scope of the first materials. Currently, with the development of new materials, such as melamine sponges, along with the advancement in nanotechnology, this topic was revived, and various functionalizations were carried out on such materials. The new materials are used as sorbents in sample preparation in analytical chemistry. This review explores the development of such materials, from the past to the present and into the future, as well as their use in analytical chemistry.
Highlights
Many scientists consider sample preparation as an integral part of the analytical process, which enhances the quality of the obtained results
The key merit of these materials that increased their popularity and started the trend was their ability to be compressed into mini-columns so that they could be used under the solid-phase extraction (SPE)
The prepared GMeS were used for the extraction and preconcentration of sulfonamides from deproteinated milk and eggs, as well as lake water samples, and a method validated according to the SANCO/12571/2013 guideline was developed
Summary
Many scientists consider sample preparation as an integral part of the analytical process, which enhances the quality of the obtained results. Since the basic principles of sample preparation remain the same, researchers are developing new sorbent materials to improve and replace existing ones, with the ultimate goal to improve current methods and make them more efficient and effective [3]. To this end, back in the 1990s began the use of sponge or sponge-like materials (e.g., foams) in sample preparation [4,5,6]. Functionalizations were carried out to alter their applicability, so that they could be used as sorbents in sample preparation in analytical chemistry. From past to present, and it highlight futures perspectives on their use in analytical chemistry
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