SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS Techniques for the Profiling of the Metabolomic Pattern of VOCs and GC-MS for the Determination of the Cannabinoid Content of Three Cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. Pollen

Abstract

Considering the large number of volatile molecules that characterize Cannabis sativa L., adequate investigation supported by the application of robust and effective analytical methods is essential to better understand the impact of these low- and medium-molecular-weight molecules on the entire phytocomplex. This work aimed to characterize the volatile fraction of the chemical profile of three different cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. pollen, grown in Italy, which were thoroughly investigated by the application of two complementary techniques: SPME-GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS. Furthermore, in order to provide more information on the chemical profile of the matrices under study, the cannabinoid content of the hexane extracts was also measured by GC-MS. Until now, no similar study, in terms of survey techniques applied, has been performed on C. sativa pollen. The obtained results showed a high content of volatile molecules, which differentiated the three matrices. The data relating to the content of cannabinoids were also interesting as they showed that one of the three cultivars was richer than the others. Finally, an in-depth statistical survey was performed to better compare the investigated samples and identify the molecules that most contribute to differentiating them. The findings of this study may be useful for integrating the compositional information on C. sativa L.