Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: This research presents a biomechanical analysis performed in the lumbar spine of a porcine animal model, considering a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of split fractures. Methods: Porcine spines were used to perform compression tests, considering three different approaches. Three groups were defined in order to verify and validate the proposed technique: a control group (1); spines with split fractures (2); and a treatment group (3). For the first group (control), spines were axially compressed until any kind of fracture occurred, in order to verify the strength of the structure. In the second group, split fractures were created to obtain the mechanical failure pattern of the model. In the third group, the split fractures were submitted to the proposed treatment, to verify the resistance achieved. The three groups were compared by means of axial compression tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results: The control group (intact spine) and the treated split fracture group presented similar results (p>0.05), differing from the results for the untreated split fracture group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The tests performed in order to determine the behavior and strength of the lumbar spine when subjected to axial compression provided positive data for the development of a minimally invasive technique capable of restoring split fractures of the spine. Level of evidence III; Experimental research.
Highlights
The thoracolumbar region is the most frequent site of spinal fractures, especially at the T12-L1 level.[1,2] Most of these fractures are caused by blunt trauma.[3,4] In younger patients, thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are usually caused by high-energy accidents such as falls or motor vehicle accidents, while in elderly patients, the main etiology is osteoporosis.[5]
This research presents a biomechanical analysis performed in the lumbar spine of a porcine animal model, considering a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of split fractures
The tests performed in order to determine the behavior and strength of the lumbar spine when subjected to axial compression provided positive data for the development of a minimally invasive technique capable of restoring split fractures of the spine
Summary
The thoracolumbar region is the most frequent site of spinal fractures, especially at the T12-L1 level.[1,2] Most of these fractures are caused by blunt trauma.[3,4] In younger patients, thoracolumbar vertebral fractures are usually caused by high-energy accidents such as falls or motor vehicle accidents, while in elderly patients, the main etiology is osteoporosis.[5]. A better understanding of the biomechanics of the vertebral segment, more precise classification of lesions, and the development of fixation systems that can improve mechanical stability, have enabled the current objectives for surgical treatment of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine to be achieved. In light of these problems, shorter instrumentation for preserving uninjured segments of the spine was previously presented, and numerical evaluation has been reported.[7] Considering various research models. The authors conclude that the porcine spine might be a good model for biomechanical studies of the human spine.[8]
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