Abstract
Abstract Synchronous high frequency (Gamma band) activity has been proposed as a candidate mechanism for the integration or ‘binding’ of distributed brain activities that are closely related to integrative cognitive processing and conscious awareness which is significantly affected in schizophrenia. According to recent evidence schizophrenia is related to temporal disintegration of brain networks which is closely linked to cognitive dysmetria to abnormal integration of sensory input with stored information. These findings indicate that disconnection and disturbed gamma synchrony and neural binding may represent a specific correlate of mental disintegration in schizophrenia. From historical perspectives these findings are in agreement with basic thinking about schizophrenia that was proposed by Bleuler when he introduced the term schizophrenia as “split mind”. These data have important implications for understanding of basic mechanism related to schizophrenia and also its therapy that in the future perspectives might be much focused on specific influences on cognitive functions using psychotherapeutic approaches in close correspondence with pharmacological treatment strategies.
Highlights
Consciousness according to basic subjective experience represents the unity of events related to sensory processing of various modalities and memory that enables to integrate and interpret continuous stream of information from the external world
This time and spatial integration of brain functions related to perception, cognition, consciousness and memory is likely related to frequency oscillations (30-90Hz, typically at about 40Hz) in electrical brain activity that occurs synchronously in cycles across various brain regions (Singer & Gray, 1995) and is linked to binding of individual brain functions, the integration of brain activities and composition of neuronal networks (Engel et al, 1997; Von Der Malsburg, 1999)
‘blunted’ or ‘flat’ affects (McCarley et al, 1993). These disturbances are frequently related to abnormal integration of sensory input with stored information and accented abnormal temporal integration of brain networks refered to as „cognitive dysmetria“(Andreasen et al, 1999). These modern concept of consciousness are in agreement with the traditional view of the split mind there is evidence based that Gamma activity has direct effect on the failure of information integration in schizophrenia (Lee et al, 2002; Bob & Mashour, 2011) and closely linked to GABAergic interneuron activity that enables thalamo-cortical modulation of arousal (Steriade, 1997; Whittington, Traub & Jefferys, 1995)
Summary
Consciousness according to basic subjective experience represents the unity of events related to sensory processing of various modalities and memory that enables to integrate and interpret continuous stream of information from the external world. Even conscious experience creates this unity recent evidence indicates that the neural correlate of consciousness likely is not represented in a particular brain region that would enable to integrate distributed information during sensory processing (Klemm, Li, & Hernandez, 2000; Von Der Malsburg, 1999; Singer & Gray, 1995) This time and spatial integration of brain functions related to perception, cognition, consciousness and memory is likely related to frequency oscillations (30-90Hz, typically at about 40Hz) in electrical brain activity that occurs synchronously in cycles across various brain regions (Singer & Gray, 1995) and is linked to binding of individual brain functions, the integration of brain activities and composition of neuronal networks (Engel et al, 1997; Von Der Malsburg, 1999). ‘blunted’ or ‘flat’ affects (McCarley et al, 1993) These disturbances are frequently related to abnormal integration of sensory input with stored information and accented abnormal temporal integration of brain networks refered to as „cognitive dysmetria“(Andreasen et al, 1999). These modern concept of consciousness are in agreement with the traditional view of the split mind there is evidence based that Gamma activity has direct effect on the failure of information integration in schizophrenia (Lee et al, 2002; Bob & Mashour, 2011) and closely linked to GABAergic interneuron activity that enables thalamo-cortical modulation of arousal (Steriade, 1997; Whittington, Traub & Jefferys, 1995)
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