Splenic, hepatic, renal and pulmonary clearance dysfunction associated with high-energy X-rays

Abstract

Purpose To verify the high-energy X-rays effects on the blood clearance of colloidal particles by the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs. Materials and methods Seventeen male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups. Group 1 (n = 5) – control – non-irradiated animals, group 2 (n = 6) – irradiated animals studied 24 h after irradiation, and group 3 (n = 6) – irradiated animals studied 48 h after irradiation. The animals were anesthetized and irradiated with a non-fractionated 8 Gy dose in the abdominal region divided in two parallel and opposite fields, 4 Gy was given to the anteroposterior and 4 Gy to the posteroanterior. This high dose of high-energy X-rays causes extensive cell killing, tissue disorganization and break down cell to cell communication. According to the groups, 50 µCi of technetium-phytate were injected into the right internal jugular vein. After thirty minutes, the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs were removed. The clot was harvested from the abdominal cavity two minutes after the sectioning of the abdominal aorta and cava vein. The organs and clot were placed into plastic flasks to be weighed and studied for the emission of radioactivity in a gamma radiation detector. The uptake function of each organ was calculated based on the count of gamma rays emitted per minute and normalized with the organ mass, having as a reference the radioactivity count of a standard sample. The arithmetic mean of each organ uptake was calculated and compared among the groups. Results After irradiation, the spleen uptake of colloidal radiopharmaceutical was greater, while the hepatic, renal, and pulmonary uptake were lower. The renal uptake decreased slower than the hepatic and pulmonary uptake. Conclusion A single high dose of high-energy X-rays enhances the splenic clearance function, while it reduces the hepatic, renal, and pulmonary clearance until 48 h after irradiation, with a rapid deterioration of the hepatic and pulmonary uptake function.