Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial

Mostafa Yakoot,Amel Salem

doi:10.1186/1471-230x-12-32

Abstract

BackgroundSpirulina platensis, a cynobacterium used frequently as a dietary supplement had been found to exhibit many immune-stimulating and antiviral activities. It had been found to activate macrophages, NK cells, T cells, B cells, and to stimulate the production of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and other cytokines. Natural substances isolated from Spirulina platensis had been found to be potent inhibitors against several enveloped viruses by blocking viral absorption/penetration and some replication stages of progeny viruses after penetration into cells. We aimed to study whether this dietary supplement possesses any therapeutically feasible activity worthy of further larger controlled clinical evaluation.MethodsSixty six patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and eligible for inclusion had been randomized to either Spirulina or Silymarin treated groups for a period of six months treatment.The two groups were followed up and blindly compared for early (after 3 months) and end of 6 months treatment virological response. The effects of both treatments on each of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire scores (CLDQ), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale scores (ASEX) and the occurrence of any attributable adverse events were also compared.ResultsAmong the 30 patients who had been treated with Spirulina and completed the 6 months protocol, 4 patients (13.3%) had a complete end of treatment virological response and 2 patients (6.7%) had a partial end of treatment response defined as significant decrease of virus load of at least 2-logs10. Though the proportion of responders in Spirulina group was greater than in the Silymarin group, the difference was not statistically significant at the end of both 6 months (p = 0.12) and 3 months treatment (p = 0.22) by Exact test. Alanine aminotransferase as well as CLDQ and ASEX scores were found to be more significantly improved in Spirulina than in Silymarin treated group.ConclusionsOur results could suggest a therapeutically feasible potential for Spirulina platensis in chronic HCV patients, worthy to conduct a larger sized and longer study to confirm these safety and efficacy encouraging results.Trial RegistrationWHO Clinical Trial Registration ID: ACTRN12610000958088http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=ACTRN12610000958088

Highlights

Spirulina platensis, a cynobacterium used frequently as a dietary supplement had been found to exhibit many immune-stimulating and antiviral activities
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), an enveloped virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family of positivestrand RNA viruses, is a major cause of chronic liver disease
The log transformed virus load levels at baseline, 3 months and 6 months follow up visits for each treatment group were further illustrated in a Boxplot graph in (Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

A cynobacterium used frequently as a dietary supplement had been found to exhibit many immune-stimulating and antiviral activities. WHO estimated that about 170 million people, (3% of the world’s population), are infected with HCV and 3-4 million persons are newly infected each year [1,2,3]. The overall prevalence in the United States is 1.8%, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million persons with HCV infection [5]. About 80% of newly infected patients progress to develop chronic infection. Cirrhosis develops in about 10% to 20% of persons with chronic infection. Liver cancer develops in 1% to 5% of persons with chronic infection over a period of 20-30 years [5,6]

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