Abstract
BackgroundBioactive peptides, including biological sources-derived peptides with different biological activities, are protein fragments that influence the functions or conditions of organisms, in particular humans and animals. Conventional methods of identifying bioactive peptides are time-consuming and costly. To quicken the processes, several bioinformatics tools are recently used to facilitate screening of the potential peptides prior their activity assessment in vitro and/or in vivo. In this study, we developed an efficient computational method, SpirPep, which offers many advantages over the currently available tools.ResultsThe SpirPep web application tool is a one-stop analysis and visualization facility to assist bioactive peptide discovery. The tool is equipped with 15 customized enzymes and 1–3 miscleavage options, which allows in silico digestion of protein sequences encoded by protein-coding genes from single, multiple, or genome-wide scaling, and then directly classifies the peptides by bioactivity using an in-house database that contains bioactive peptides collected from 13 public databases. With this tool, the resulting peptides are categorized by each selected enzyme, and shown in a tabular format where the peptide sequences can be tracked back to their original proteins. The developed tool and webpages are coded in PHP and HTML with CSS/JavaScript. Moreover, the tool allows protein-peptide alignment visualization by Generic Genome Browser (GBrowse) to display the region and details of the proteins and peptides within each parameter, while considering digestion design for the desirable bioactivity. SpirPep is efficient; it takes less than 20 min to digest 3000 proteins (751,860 amino acids) with 15 enzymes and three miscleavages for each enzyme, and only a few seconds for single enzyme digestion. Obviously, the tool identified more bioactive peptides than that of the benchmarked tool; an example of validated pentapeptide (FLPIL) from LC-MS/MS was demonstrated. The web and database server are available at http://spirpepapp.sbi.kmutt.ac.th.ConclusionSpirPep, a web-based bioactive peptide discovery application, is an in silico-based tool with an overview of the results. The platform is a one-stop analysis and visualization facility; and offers advantages over the currently available tools. This tool may be useful for further bioactivity analysis and the quantitative discovery of desirable peptides.
Highlights
Bioactive peptides, including biological sources-derived peptides with different biological activities, are protein fragments that influence the functions or conditions of organisms, in particular humans and animals
Other reports based on meta-analysis reported that IPP and VPP lactotripeptides could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure in Japanese subjects [13, 15]
In comparison to other available bioactive peptide prediction tools (Table 1), SpirPep contains several unique features that differ from the online tools mentioned above
Summary
Bioactive peptides, including biological sources-derived peptides with different biological activities, are protein fragments that influence the functions or conditions of organisms, in particular humans and animals. Bioactive peptides (BP) are protein fragments or peptides that play a significant role in human and animal health [1] and can be classified as endogenous; natural synthesis in the organisms or exogenous; by foodderived digestive processes using gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes in the GI-tract [2, 3]. These peptides can be found in many sources, such as dairy products [4], land animals [5], marine animals [6, 7], plants [8] and cyanobacteria [9]. Other reports based on meta-analysis reported that IPP and VPP lactotripeptides could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure in Japanese subjects [13, 15]
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