Spironolactone in Post-Transplant Proteinuria: A Safe Alternative Therapy

Abstract

BackgroundAldosterone is involved in the process of renal allograft fibrosis, clinically manifest by proteinuria and allograft dysfunction, with increased risk for cardiovascular death. The treatment with aldosterone antagonists appears to be effective in controlling proteinuria, with a protective effect on progression of renal fibrosis. MethodsThis retrospective, cohort study included kidney transplant recipients from January 1993 to June 2015. Inclusion criteria were persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/d, longer than 6 months, and spironolactone therapy. ResultsOne hundred forty transplant recipients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were divided into 3 groups, according to proteinuria levels at the beginning of spironolactone therapy: low (<1 g/24 h), intermediate (1–3 g/24 h), and nephrotic (>3 g/24 h). Groups were comparable in demographic data, with a higher incidence of living related donors in the nephrotic group. In patients with proteinuria ≥1 g/d, we observed a significant reduction in proteinuria after 6 months of therapy that persisted over time. Blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate persisted stable over time. Adverse events were not severe to withdrawal therapy. ConclusionsSpironolactone can be a safe alternative to control post-transplant proteinuria, especially in patients with mild to moderate allograft dysfunction with proteinuria ≥1 g/day.