Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between spiritual well-being, perceived social support, and life satisfaction among the university students in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive-correlation design was used to carry out on a convenience sample of 919 students at the University of Jordan. University students reported moderate levels of both spiritual well-being and perceived social support, and they were slightly satisfied with their lives. Significant positive correlation was found between spiritual well-being with perceived social support and life satisfaction (r = .49, .53, p < .001) respectively, and positive correlation was found between perceived social support and life satisfaction (r = .46, p < .001). Both domains of spiritual well-being had significant positive correlation with all sources of perceived social support. The relationships between spiritual well-being and perceived social support should be considered in university health programs. Study implications and recommendations were discussed.
Highlights
BackgroundSpiritual well-being is one of a core human component that provides driving force to give person stability, meaning, fulfillment in life, faith in self (Rovers & Kocum, 2010)
This study described the levels of spiritual well-being, perceived social support, and life satisfaction among the students at the university of Jordan, and investigated the relationships between the domains of spiritual well-being, perceived social support provided from different
The results of the current study showed that university students had moderate to high levels of spiritual well-being, which corresponded with previous studies
Summary
Spiritual well-being is one of a core human component that provides driving force to give person stability, meaning, fulfillment in life, faith in self (Rovers & Kocum, 2010). It was defined according to Moberg (2002) as a sense of transcendence beyond one’s circumstances, and other dimensions such as the purpose of life, reliance on inner resources, and sense of within-person integration or connectedness. Spiritual well-being has two dimensions; horizontal (existential) dimension refers to the sense of purpose in life, peace and life satisfaction, and vertical (religious) dimension refers to the sense of well-being in relation to God or higher power (Moberg, 2002). Literature showed explicit interest about spiritual well-being, and its influences on physical, social, and psychological aspects of person’s life (Rovers & Kocum, 2010). Spiritual well-being was associated with better college adjustment (Kneipp, Kelly, & Cyphers, 2009), stronger engagement in health-promoting behaviors (Hsiao, Chien, Wu, Chiang, & Huang, 2010), better quality of life and higher levels of happiness (Abdel-Khalek, 2010), and higher levels of social support (Taliaferro, Rienzo, Pigg, Miller, & Dodd, 2009)
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