SPIONs-bis(NHC)-palladium(II): A novel, powerful and efficient catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura C–C coupling reactions

Abstract

A novel, stable and powerful nano Pd-NHC complex utilizing N-methylimidazole bounded to 1,3,5-triazine-tethered SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) as a bidentate NHC ligand is reported. This well-defined complex was used as an efficient (NHC)-based catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. These cross coupled products were produced in excellent yields under conventional heating or microwave irradiation at extremely low palladium loading (∼0.002mol%) with perfect high turnover frequencies (TOFs) (103–106h−1). Moreover, the catalyst could be quickly and completely recovered by external magnetic field and be reused for seven reaction cycles without any change in catalytic activity.