Abstract
This paper proposes a novel security-constrained unit commitment model to calculate the optimal spinning reserve (SR) amount. The model combines cost-benefit analysis with an improved multiscenario risk analysis method capable of considering various uncertainties, including load and wind power forecast errors as well as forced outages of generators. In this model, cost-benefit analysis is utilized to simultaneously minimize the operation cost of conventional generators, the expected cost of load shedding, the penalty cost of wind power spillage, and the carbon emission cost. It remedies the defects of the deterministic and probabilistic methods of SR calculation. In cases where load and wind power generation are negatively correlated, this model based on multistep modeling of net demand can consider the wind power curtailment to maximize the overall economic efficiency of system operation so that the optimal economic values of wind power and SR are achieved. In addition, the impact of the nonnormal probability distributions of wind power forecast error on SR optimization can be taken into account. Using mixed integer linear programming method, simulation studies on a modified IEEE 26-generator reliability test system connected to a wind farm are performed to confirm the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed model.
Highlights
Wind power generation has been used in many countries as the most promising sustainable energy source to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and curb emissions of carbon dioxide
Where μst,l1 = ∑Nj=I1 rjt − rit − pit + λtl1 (l1 − (NL + 1)/2)σWt + sW t,l1 when l1 ∈ [1, 4]. It can be observed from (13) that Est,l1,l2 is a nonlinear formulation consisting of the product of a bounded continuous variable and a binary variable, which can be equivalent to the following linear constraints: NI
The expected cost of load shedding (ECLS) is expressed as the approximation of Engineering served (EENS) given in Section 2 multiplied by value of lost load (VOLL) and added to the objective function of the proposed security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model so that the optimal wind power spillage and the optimal quantification of spinning reserve (SR) are achieved
Summary
Wind power generation has been used in many countries as the most promising sustainable energy source to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and curb emissions of carbon dioxide. The contributions and added value of this paper compared with the respective cited methods are threefold: (1) an improved multiscenario risk analysis method capable of considering various uncertainties including load and wind power forecast errors as well as forced outages of generators is proposed to optimize the spinning reserve requirements; (2) compared with the respective cited methods including the deterministic methods [5,6,7,8,9] and probabilistic methods [10,11,12,13] as well as the cost-benefit analysis [14,15,16,17,18,19,20], the proposed method can consider the impacts of various uncertainties including the nonnormal probability distributions and curtailments of wind power on the overall economic efficiency of system operation via combining cost-benefit analysis with the proposed improved multiscenario risk analysis method so that the optimal economic values of wind power and SR are achieved; (3) the proposed UC model is formulated as a MILP which can be solved effectively via commercial solvers.
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