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Abstract
Data centres have been the focus of research as candidates for demand response or other demand side management programs for quite some time. However, a complete framework optimising data centre demand response is still missing. This is due to the complexity of integrating more than one power flexibility technology and more than one market for power flexibility. In the presented work, this challenge is solved by creating a microeconomics inspired optimisation approach that takes the view of a data centre offering power flexibility as a ’product’ to explicit and/or implicit demand response power flexibility markets. This generic framework is then instantiated in a linear optimisation problem that optimises the power flexibility of a German High Performance Computing Centre on a set of different power flexibility markets in Germany. It is consequently shown that, under the described scenario, frequency scaling should be preferred to temporal workload shifting and that the EPEX day ahead market is the most beneficial power flexibility market.
Highlights
In a future with high shares of intermittent energy sources, a power system will need to rely on backup through both the flexibility of power supply and power demand units
Quality reduction of power flexibility An implicit assumption of Demand Response (DR) is that power demand is mainly temporarily changed, i.e. the core business of the data centre is not touched, and the size of the workload measured in the number of tasks, services, or other non-energy related metrics remains constant system-wide
As the maximum adaptation for the Secondary Control Reserve (SCR) is smaller than the required SCR minimum adaptation size, it was assumed that the Data Centres (DC) participates in SCR via an aggregator
Summary
In a future with high shares of intermittent energy sources, a power system will need to rely on backup through both the flexibility of power supply and power demand units. Framework’s requirements To more realistically assess the potential of DR with DCs, a generic framework is missing which does not prematurely exclude specific power management strategies nor power flexibility markets and enables different settings inside the DC.
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