Abstract
Measurements have been made of the spin-lattice relaxation of single chromium ions and of certain chromium-chromium pairs in ruby. Pairs whose energy levels are split by `exchange' interactions equivalent to a few degrees K relax much more rapidly than the single ions. There is some evidence that the phonons participating in the relaxation have energies equal to certain of the splittings. Modulation of the `exchange' interaction by the lattice vibrations provides a possible means of relaxation of low temperatures. In sufficiently concentrated crystals (containing at least 0.21% Cr) a rapid transfer of excitation is observed between the pairs and the single ions. The relaxation via the pairs then accounts in order of magnitude for that of the single ions. The coupling to the observed pairs is too weak to explain the concentration-dependent relaxation of the single ions in more dilute crystals.
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