Spinel nickel cobaltite nanoflakes anchored multiwalled carbon nanotubes driven photocatalyst for highly efficient degradation of organic pollutants using natural sunlight irradiation

Abstract

Natural sun light driven photocatalytic materials have received remarkable attention due to their imminent applications in environmental remediation and energy conversions. In this study, natural sun light driven hierarchal spinel nickel cobaltite nanoflakes (NiCo 2 O 4 ) anchored multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was synthesized by using simple chemical route. The structural, morphological and functional group of as-prepared NiCo 2 O 4 anchored MWCNTs was studied by using X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The UV–vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy results demonstrated decrease in optical bandgap from 1.32 to 1.16eV compared with pristine spinel NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflakes. MWCNTs anchored NiCo 2 O 4 showed extremely good photocatalytic behavior and we verified 98% degradation of MB in 35 min under natural sun light. NiCo 2 O 4 anchored MWCNTs also confirmed its excellent stability and reusability by retaining 96% of photocatalytic efficiency after 7 cycles of operation. Improved photocatalytic behavior of NiCo 2 O 4 anchored MWCNTs nanocomposite in comparison to NiCo 2 O 4 nanoflakes is mainly attributed to excellent electron storage ability of MWCNTs which made catalyst a great acceptor. Moreover, porous structure of MWCNTs not only provides large surface area with more active sites but also increases conductivity and decreases agglomerations on the surface of material which render e - /h + pair recombination. Overall, this work shed new light for the synthesis of NiCo 2 O 4 anchored MWCNTs with enhanced photocatalytic properties.