Abstract
Abstract Spine primordia of Mammillaria elongata are initiated in acropetal sequence, beginning on the abaxial side of the spiniferous meristem that occupies the summit of a young tubercle and continuing along either side until a single whorl is completed. If a central spine occurs, it is the last to be initiated and the first to begin elongation. Elongation of the whorled spines follows a basipetal sequence, the inverse of initiation. All elongated spines are at first erect, but the lateral ones become radially oriented as they appraoch maturity. Central spines remain erect and tilted slightly toward the shoot apex. The distal ends of many epidermal cells on developing spines bear conic projections that are most prominent along the median portions.
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