Spin-dependent modes in nuclei and nuclear forces

Abstract

Spin-dependent modes in nuclei are studied and important roles of tensor and three-body forces on nuclear structure are discussed. New shell model Hamiltonians, which have proper tensor components, are shown to explain spin properties of both stable and exotic nuclei. Gamow-Teller (GT) strengths in Ni isotopes, especially in 56Ni, are found to be well described by pf-shell Hamiltonian GXPF1J, which leads to a remarkable improvement in the evaluation of electron capture rates in stellar environmnets. GT strength in 40Ar obtained with VMU (monopole-based universal interaction) is found to be consistent with the experimental strength, and neutrino capture reaction cross sections for solar neutrinos from 8B are found to be enhanced compared with previous calculations. The repulsive monopole corrections to the microscopic two-body interactions in isospin T=1 channel are important for the proper shell evolutions in neutron-rich isotopes. The three-body force, in particular the Fujita-Miyazawa force induced by δ excitations, is pointed out to be responsible for the repulsive corrections among the valence neutrons. The important roles of the three-body force on the energies of exotic calcium isotopes as well as on the closed-shell nature of 48Ca and M1 transition in 48Ca are demonstrated.