Spinal dysraphism in children: 3 years experience

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a congenital malformation of the spine and spinal cord resulting from congenital aberrations during the gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation stages. SD is the most common congenital anomaly of the CNS. Our study outlines the demography and clinical profile of this spectrum. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the demographic characteristics and clinical features of spinal dysraphism in children over a three-year period. Methods: This retrospective study involved 38 children with spinal dysraphism at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2021 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria included complete clinical records and surgical intervention. Diagnostic methods comprised history, clinical exams, USG, CT, and MRI. Postoperative follow-up was assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Result: The study included 38 patients aged from 4 days to 7.5 years. The cohort exhibited a slight female predominance (57.89%). Myelomeningocele was the most predominant anomaly (52.63%), followed by lip myelomeningocele (31.58%) and meningocele (13.16%). Lesions were predominantly located in the lumbosacral region (92.11%). All patients presented with a swelling on the back. Associated conditions included hydrocephalus (34.21%), CSF leak (23.68%), and bowel and bladder incontinence (15.79%). All cases underwent an operative procedure with anatomical repair using standard techniques. Conclusion: Among spinal dysraphism, myelomeningocele was more common than other spinal defects. All patients presented with back swelling, with or without associated symptoms.