Spina bifida cystica: selective management in Zaria, Nigeria.

Abstract

Management of spina bifida cystica in Zaria, Nigeria is selective. Over a period of 11 years, 77 children with this defect, 54 meningocoeles and 23 myelomeningocoeles, 66 (86%) situated in the lumbosacral region, were treated operatively. Forty-two (55%) had surgery in the neonatal period and 91% within 6 months of birth. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 of 68 patients (28%), including mild hydrocephalus, which resolved spontaneously (six, 9%), wound infection (six, 9%), leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (four, 6%) and meningitis (three, 4%). Mortality was 3% from both meningitis and cardiac arrest. Of 32 patients followed up for 3-5 years, 20 with meningocoeles were normal. Of 12 with myelomeningocoele, four had varying degrees of lower limb weakness, three double incontinence, two faecal incontinence, two had progressive hydrocephalus plus paralysis and double incontinence, and one had urinary incontinence. Therefore, 38% were functionally disabled and could not be adequately rehabilitated owing to poor facilities. While management of spina bifida cystica is more aggressive now in most developed countries, ours remains selective due to difficulty with multidisciplinary care and rehabilitation. Even with our selective management, the care of patients with functional handicap remains a challenge.