Abstract
In planar structures, the vortex resonance frequency changes little as a function of an in-plane magnetic field as long as the vortex state persists. Altering the topography of the element leads to a vastly different dynamic response that arises due to the local vortex core confinement effect. In this work, we studied the magnetic excitations in non-planar ferromagnetic dots using a broadband microwave spectroscopy technique. Two distinct regimes of vortex gyration were detected depending on the vortex core position. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with micromagnetic simulations.
Highlights
The disk arrays with diameter in a range of 150 nm to 300 nm and alignment marks were defined on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist, accompanied by e-beam evaporation and lift-off process of a 25-nm-thick titanium film
The barriers and the disks are concentric as is confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging
In order to characterize the dynamic properties of the samples, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with a 3 μ m-wide-signal line was fabricated on top of each dot array using optical lithography followed by Ti(5 nm)/Au(150 nm) sputter deposition and a lift-off process
Summary
The engineered dots were fabricated using a multistep electron-beam (EBL) lithography process. The disk arrays with diameter in a range of 150 nm to 300 nm and alignment marks were defined on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resist, accompanied by e-beam evaporation and lift-off process of a 25-nm-thick titanium film. The second step EBL patterning of 1-μ m diameter disks followed by deposition of 50-nm-thick Ni80Fe20 and lift-off completes the fabrication process.
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