Spin structures of the ground states of four body bound systems with spin 3 cold atoms

Abstract

We consider the case that four spin-3 atoms are confined in an optical trap. The temperature is so low that the spatial degrees of freedom have been frozen. Exact numerical and analytical solutions for the spin-states have been both obtained. Two kinds of phase-diagrams for the ground states (g.s.) have been plotted. In general, the eigen-states with the total-spin S (a good quantum number) can be expanded in terms of a few basis-states f_{S,i}. Let P_{f_{S,i}}^{lambda } be the probability of a pair of spins coupled to lambda =0, 2, 4, and 6 in the f_{S,i} state. Obviously, when the strength g_{lambda } of the lambda -channel is more negative, the basis-state with the largest P_{f_{S,i}}^{lambda } would be more preferred by the g.s.. When two strengths are more negative, the two basis-states with the two largest probabilities would be more important components. Thus, based on the probabilities, the spin-structures (described via the basis-states) can be understood. Furthermore, all the details in the phase-diagrams, say, the critical points of transition, can also be explained. Note that, for f_{S,i}, P_{f_{S,i}}^{lambda } is completely determined by symmetry. Thus, symmetry plays a very important role in determining the spin-structure of the g.s..