Spin Qubits with Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Abstract

This section describes recent progresses on the research of spin qubits realized in semiconductor quantum dot (QD) systems. After we argue the scheme of initialization and detection of individual spin states, we discuss the key idea of the universal gates constituted with QDs proposed by D. Loss and D. P. DiVincenzo. In order to achieve universal quantum gate operations, we need single qubit coherent manipulations and two qubit controlled-NOT or control-Z gates. For the first type of gate, instead of the standard rf magnetic field driven electron spin resonance (ESR), we proposed and implemented electric dipole induced spin resonance (EDSR), which has various advantages over ESR, including low dissipation, individual access to the spins and integrability. We describes recent progress in the fast Rabi oscillations. The second type of gate can be realized by the exchange coupling between nearby QDs. We also discuss the experiments combining single- and two-qubit operations. Finally, we argue the progress of the coupling of the spins in QDs with the “flying qubits”, namely, photons of visible or microwave and itinerant electrons in the wave guides.