Abstract
We investigate the ferromagnetic (spin polarization) condensation in (2+1) flavor Nambu Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model with non-zero current quark masses at finite temperature and density which may be relevant in the context of neutron stars. The spin polarization condensation arises due to a tensor type interaction which may be generated due to non-perturbative effects in Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD). In this investigation we have shown the interplay between chiral condensate and spin polarization condensation for different values of tensor coupling. Spin polarization in the case of 2+1 flavor is different from two flavor case because of additional F$_8$ condensate associated with $\lambda_8^f$ flavor generator. We find a non-zero value of the two spin condensates in the chirally restored phase. Beyond a certain temperature the spin polarization condensates vanish for rather large quark chemical potentials. The spin condensates affect the chiral phase transition, quark masses, and the quark dispersion relation. The spin polarization condensate appears only in the chiral restored phase for light quarks. For large enough tensor couplings, it is observed that the spin polarization condensate acts as a catalyst for chiral symmetry restoration. Thermodynamic behavior of $F_3$ and $F_8$ are found to be different and they affect the quark masses differently.
Highlights
One of the recent interests in high-energy physics is to study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter
The first principle lattice QCD (LQCD) simulations give a reliable prediction about the nature of QCD phases and phase transitions at zero baryon chemical potential and finite temperature [3,4,5]
LQCD calculations can be trusted at small baryon chemical potential μB ≃ 0 using extrapolation, at relatively large baryon chemical potential, the “fermion sign problem” [6] in LQCD prevents one from
Summary
One of the recent interests in high-energy physics is to study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. The tensor channel opens up a completely different point of view in looking into the spin polarization problem of quark matter at moderate densities, e.g., in the two-flavor NJL model, the spin polarized phase can be shown to be present in the chiral restored phase in which the dynamical quark mass is zero [35,36]. This result is different than the result obtained in Ref.
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