Spin–orbit interaction of light and diffraction of polarized beams

Abstract

The edge diffraction of a homogeneously polarized light beam is studied theoretically based on the paraxial optics and Fresnel–Kirchhoff approximation, and the dependence of the diffracted beam pattern of the incident beam polarization is predicted. If the incident beam is circularly polarized, the trajectory of the diffracted beam center of gravity exhibits a small angular deviation from the geometrically expected direction. The deviation is parallel to the screen edge and reverses the sign with the polarization handedness; it is explicitly calculated for the case of a Gaussian incident beam with a plane wavefront. This effect is a manifestation of the spin–orbit interaction of light and can be interpreted as a revelation of the internal spin energy flow immanent in circularly polarized beams. It also exposes the vortex character of the weak longitudinal field component associated with the circularly polarized incident beam.