Abstract
We describe real-time measurement of myocardial oxygen consumption during ischemia in the intact heart. Measurement of extracellular oxygen concentration during myocardial ischemia by spin label oximetry has been limited by ischemia-induced reduction of the neutral, water-soluble nitroxide TEMPONE. We have overcome this problem by encapsulating the nitroxides. Isolated immature (7–10 d old) rabbit hearts ( n = 8) were perfused aerobically within the cavity of a loop gap resonator with bicarbonate buffer containing an oxygen-sensitive, lipid-soluble nitroxide ( 14N-TEMPO laurate in FC-43 perfluorocarbon micelles) and a much less oxygen-sensitive and positively charged nitroxide ( 15N-TEMPO choline in multilamellar vesicles) as an internal standard. The ratio of the ESR signal amplitudes of these nitroxides was used as a sensitive index of oxygen concentration. Sequestration of the nitroxides decreased their reduction rate by ascorbate in comparison with nonsequestered nitroxides. Hearts were subjected to 60 min of global no-flow ischemia at 20°C. Extracellular oxygen content (mean ± SD) during aerobic perfusion was 1195 ± 55 μmol/liter. The electron spin resonance signal from TEMPO laurate increased with the onset and progression of ischemia, consistent with a decrease in extracellular oxygen, while the signal for TEMPO choline was relatively unchanged. Extracellular oxygen content after 40 and 60 min of ischemia was reduced to 393 ± 27 μmol/liter ( p < .05) and 61 ± 5 μmol/liter ( p < .05), respectively. We conclude that spin-label oximetry can directly and precisely measure myocardial oxygen consumption at constant temperature during ischemia in the intact heart. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Inc.
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