Abstract
The magnetic properties of ultra-small (3 nm)CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have been investigated by DC magnetization measurements as a function oftemperature and magnetic field. The main features of the magnetic behaviour areblocking of non-interacting particle moments (zero-field-cooled magnetizationTmax≈40 K),a rapid increase of saturation magnetization (up to values higher than for the bulk material) at lowT and an increase in anisotropy below 30 K due to the appearance of exchange bias. The lowtemperature behaviour is determined by a random freezing of surface spins. Localizedspin-canting and cation distribution between the two sublattices of the spinel structureaccount quantitatively for the observed increase in saturation magnetization.
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