Abstract
BackgroundIt is of growing interest to develop novel approaches to initiate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a native circulating bioactive lipid metabolite, plays a role in differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) into cardiomyocytes. We also developed an engineered cell sheet from these HUMSCs derived cardiomyocytes by using a temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) cell sheet technology.MethodsCardiomyogenic differentiation of HUMSCs was performed by culturing these cells with either designated cardiomyocytes conditioned medium (CMCM) alone, or with 1 μM S1P; or DMEM with 10% FBS + 1 μM S1P. Cardiomyogenic differentiation was determined by immunocytochemical analysis of expression of cardiomyocyte markers and patch clamping recording of the action potential.ResultsA cardiomyocyte-like morphology and the expression of α-actinin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) proteins can be observed in both CMCM culturing or CMCM+S1P culturing groups after 5 days' culturing, however, only the cells in CMCM+S1P culture condition present cardiomyocyte-like action potential and voltage gated currents. A new approach was used to form PIPAAm based temperature-responsive culture surfaces and this successfully produced cell sheets from HUMSCs derived cardiomyocytes.ConclusionsThis study for the first time demonstrates that S1P potentiates differentiation of HUMSCs towards functional cardiomyocytes under the designated culture conditions. Our engineered cell sheets may provide a potential for clinically applicable myocardial tissues should promote cardiac tissue engineering research.
Highlights
It is of growing interest to develop novel approaches to initiate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes
In cells treated with cardiomyocytes conditioned medium (CMCM) or CMCM+S1P, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) displayed a cardiomyocyte-like morphology such as myotube-like shape between 5-7 days after induced culturing
In cells treated with CMCM or CMCM+S1P, HUMSCs displayed a cardiomyocyte-like morphology such as myotube-like shape between 5-7 days after induction of culturing
Summary
It is of growing interest to develop novel approaches to initiate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cardiomyocytes. Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells that are able to differentiate into various specific cell types Because of their plasticity, MSCs have been suggested as potential therapies for numerous diseases and conditions. Recent evidence has demonstrated that S1P has potent effects on the embryonic and neural stem cell biology such as differentiation, proliferation and maintenance[4,5,6] Based on these results, we speculate that S1P could have a potential to affect biology of MSCs derived cardiomyocytes. The aims of the present study are two folds; firstly, to determine whether S1P can promote differentiation of HUMSCs towards functional matured cardiomyocytes under the designated culture conditions; secondly, to develop an engineered cell sheet from HUMSCs derived cardiomyocyte with potential clinical application by using temperature-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) cell sheet technology
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