Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that can modulate insulin sensitivity, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner. However, their comparative profiles in bovine retroperitoneal (RPAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) are currently unknown. We aimed to characterize the sphingolipid profiles using a targeted lipidomics approach and to assess whether potentially related sphingolipid pathways are different between SCAT and RPAT. Holstein bulls (n = 6) were slaughtered, and SCAT and RPAT samples were collected for sphingolipid profiling. A total of 70 sphingolipid species were detected and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, including ceramide (Cer), dihydroceramide (DHCer), sphingomyelin (SM), dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), galactosylceramide (GalCer), glucosylceramide (GluCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), sphinganine (DHSph), and sphingosine (Sph). Our results showed that sphingolipids of the de novo synthesis pathway, such as DHSph, DHCer, and Cer, were more concentrated in RPAT than in SCAT. Sphingolipids of the salvage pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway, such as Sph, S1P, C1P, glycosphingolipid, and SM, were more concentrated in SCAT. Our results indicate that RPAT had a greater extent of ceramide accumulation, thereby increasing the concentration of further sphingolipid intermediates in the de novo synthesis pathway. This distinctive sphingolipid distribution pattern in RPAT and SCAT can potentially explain the tissue-specific activity in insulin sensitivity, proinflammation, and oxidative stress in RPAT and SCAT.
Highlights
Sphingolipids are a class of structural lipids in eukaryotic cells that constitute the cell membrane and exhibit a cell signaling function to modulate insulin sensitivity, differentiation, and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner [1,2]
In the de novo synthesis pathway, eight out of 28 sphingolipid species were more concentrated in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) (p < 0.1, log2 FC > 0.5), while two species of sphingolipids in this category that were more concentrated in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) were C14:0-Cer (p = 0.029, log2 FC = −0.76) and
RPAT was more concentrated with the sphingolipids of the de novo synthesis pathway, and SCAT was more concentrated with the sphingolipids of the salvage and sphingomyelinase pathways
Summary
Sphingolipids are a class of structural lipids in eukaryotic cells that constitute the cell membrane and exhibit a cell signaling function to modulate insulin sensitivity, differentiation, and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner [1,2]. To better understand the sphingolipid function in bovine adipose tissue, important to consider the the dynamics in in thethemetabolic it is important to consider dynamics metabolicpathways pathwaysofof sphingolipid sphingolipid synthesis, synthesis, degradation, and modification: the de novo synthesis pathway, the salvage the degradation, and modification: the de novo synthesis pathway, the salvage pathway, pathway, and and the sphingomyelinase pathway dede novo synthesis pathway is essential to the and sphingomyelinase pathway(Figure (Figure). It was demonstrated that an interruption of the de novo and normal metabolic activity of adipocytes. It was demonstrated that an interruption of the de synthesis pathway by adipocyte-specific serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) mutation reduces reduces adipose novo synthesis pathway by adipocyte-specific serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) mutation tissue size, decreases the downstream sphingolipid quantity, and significantly decreases the adipose tissue size, decreases the downstream sphingolipid quantity, and significantly decreases circulating level of adipokines leptin and adiponectin in mice [4]
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