Spheroid-Hydrogel-Integrated Biomimetic System: A New Frontier in Advanced Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Technology.

Abstract

Despite significant advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, creating accurate in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate complex in vivo environments remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Traditional culture methods often fail to simultaneously facilitate critical cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions while providing control over mechanical and biochemical properties. This review introduces the spheroid-hydrogel-integrated biomimetic system (SHIBS), a groundbreaking approach that synergistically combines spheroid culture with tailored hydrogel technologies. SHIBS uniquely bridges the gap between traditional culture methods and physiological conditions by offering unprecedented control over both cellular interactions and environmental properties. We explore how SHIBS is revolutionizing fields ranging from drug discovery and disease modeling to regenerative medicine and basic biological research. The review discusses current challenges in SHIBS technology, including reproducibility, scalability, and high-resolution imaging, and outlines ongoing research addressing these issues. Furthermore, we envision the future evolution of SHIBS into more sophisticated organoid-hydrogel-integrated biomimetic systems and its integration with cutting-edge technologies such as microfluidics, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence. SHIBS represents a paradigm shift in 3D cell culture technology, offering a unique solution to recreate complex in vivo environments. Its potential to accelerate the development of personalized therapies across various biomedical fields is significant. While challenges persist, the ongoing advancements in SHIBS technology promise to overcome current limitations, paving the way for more accurate and reliable in vitro models. The future integration of SHIBS with emerging technologies may revolutionize biomimetic modeling, potentially reducing the need for animal testing and expediting drug discovery processes. This comprehensive review provides researchers and clinicians with a holistic understanding of SHIBS technology, its current capabilities, and its future prospects in advancing biomedical research and therapeutic innovations.