Abstract
The cavity expansion theory is most widely used to predict the depth of penetration of concrete targets. The main purpose of this work is to clarify the differences between the spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion models and their scope of application in predicting the penetration depths of concrete targets. The factors that influence the dynamic cavity expansion process of concrete materials were first examined. Based on numerical results, the relationship between expansion pressure and velocity was established. Then the parameters in the Forrestal’s formula were fitted to have a convenient and effective prediction of the penetration depth. Results showed that both the spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion models can accurately predict the depth of penetration when the initial velocity is lower than 800 m/s. However, the prediction accuracy decreases with the increasing of the initial velocity and diameters of the projectiles. Based on our results, it can be concluded that when the initial velocity is higher than the critical velocity, the cylindrical cavity expansion model performs better than the spherical cavity expansion model in predicting the penetration depth, while when the initial velocity is lower than the critical velocity the conclusion is quite the contrary. This work provides a basic principle for selecting the spherical or cylindrical cavity expansion model to predict the penetration depth of concrete targets.
Highlights
Concrete material has long played an important role in military and civil engineering constructions
Both the formulas based on spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion models can accurately predict the depth of penetration when the initial velocity is lower than 800 m/s
With the increasing of the initial velocity, the prediction accuracy of formulas based on the two cavity expansion models decreases, as thermo effect on the concrete has not considered which plays an important role in high speed penetration
Summary
Concrete material has long played an important role in military and civil engineering constructions. Forrestal et al [8,9,10] developed models for dynamic expansion of spherical and cylindrical cavities in solids by using different constitutive laws, as well as obtained approximate solutions to predict the penetration depths into metallic and concrete targets. Based on these works, Forrestal and Tzou [11] developed an elastic-cracked-plastic model for concrete targets by using spherical-cavity expansion analysis.
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