Abstract
Since the tailing dam fails catastrophically with substantial instantaneous deformation, it is difficult to measure the migration of debris flow caused by the failure of the tailings dam. A simulation model of tailing debris flow based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) theory of elastic-plastic constitutive equation has been established by considering the viscoplasticity of mud and the elastic-plastic characteristics of tailing sand to investigate the impact effect of tailing flow on the downstream structures. By comparing the experimental and two different simulation results obtained, it can be concluded that SPH elastic-plastic constitutive model can effectively simulate the accumulation and migration processes of the tailing debris flow, which indicates that the SPH model has good applicability to solve geotechnical large deformation problems of similar tailings flow slide. Then, the verified simulation model developed based on a series of simulations of tailing debris flow propagations was used to determine the momentum reduction on the downstream structure resulting from the presence of a simple checking dam perpendicular to the direction of propagation and to determine the characteristics of stresses applied to this structure in terms of peak impact force and evolution over time to the main flow direction.
Highlights
Tailings dam is one of the most complex geotechnical structures
Debris flow caused due to the collapse of saturated tailing soil is usually difficult to solve in fluid dynamics. e relevant parameters are difficult to be measured in the field, but the calculation is pretty complicated. erefore, the numerical simulation calculation has become the first choice to study the tailing debris flow. e literature shows that most of the existing simulation methods applied to viscous debris flow are primarily grid-based finite element method (FEM) [3] and Boltzmann algorithm [4]
The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model has been used to simulate the tailing flow impact downstream structure under the action of check dam blocking. e SPH model is consistent with the size of the indoor experimental model and the initial calculation domain of SPH shown in Figure 6. e bottom plate of the flume, checking dam, and structure are divided into FEM grids, and SPH particles assignment is used to describe the tailing flow. e debris flow around the tailing pond in the field consists of silt and heavy sand clay, and the behaviors of tailing flow are viscous matrix flow
Summary
Tailings dam is one of the most complex geotechnical structures. As the rainfall increases, the tailing infiltration line in the reservoir increases, and once the saturation is reached, dam break occurs in the form of high-speed moving sand-bearing mudflow [1, 2]. ese flows commonly occur without a prior warning in mountainous regions around the world and cause massive loss of both human lives and properties. In dealing with the problems related to dynamic response which occurs during large deformation of debris flow, SPH can introduce constitutive equations describing the properties of various materials including solid mechanics and hydrodynamics, and the advantages of Lagrangian particularization will describe the moving state of a solidfluid mixture in the form of particles, which is beneficial to accurately grasp the deformation characteristics of different positions in the process of large deformation of debris flow [16, 17]. E present paper focused on the application of the SPH method to the simulations of structures impacted by tailing debris flow that involves large deformations of soil flow.
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