Abstract
This paper collects some recent smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) applications in the field of natural hazards connected to rapidly varied flows of both water and dense granular mixtures including sediment erosion and bed load transport. The paper gathers together and outlines the basic aspects of some relevant works dealing with flooding on complex topography, sediment scouring, fast landslide dynamics, and induced surge wave. Additionally, the preliminary results of a new study regarding the post-failure dynamics of rainfall-induced shallow landslide are presented. The paper also shows the latest advances in the use of high performance computing (HPC) techniques to accelerate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes through the efficient use of current computational resources. This aspect is extremely important when simulating complex three-dimensional problems that require a high computational cost and are generally involved in the modeling of water-related natural hazards of practical interest. The paper provides an overview of some widespread SPH free open source software (FOSS) codes applied to multiphase problems of theoretical and practical interest in the field of hydraulic engineering. The paper aims to provide insight into the SPH modeling of some relevant physical aspects involved in water-related natural hazards (e.g., sediment erosion and non-Newtonian rheology). The future perspectives of SPH in this application field are finally pointed out.
Highlights
Thanks to the availability of high-performance computers, in the last few years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely applied to simulate natural hazards in the field of hydraulic engineering
This paper collected some recent works showing the application of CFD techniques for modeling problems of practical and theoretical interest involving complex multiphase flows relevant for the analysis and mitigation of water-related natural hazards
The paper focused on meshless techniques for the numerical modeling of fast landslides, tsunami wave, flooding in complex geometry and sediment scouring; few relevant examples have been mentioned concerning traditional grid-based methods applied to the analysis of environmental risks related to flooding in complex topography
Summary
Thanks to the availability of high-performance computers, in the last few years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely applied to simulate natural hazards in the field of hydraulic engineering. Due to the fast and large deformations characterizing the problems in this research field, meshless techniques allow for some intrinsic limitations of traditional grid-based methods (e.g., mesh deformation and cracking; free-surface, and interface treatment) to be overcome. Following a Lagrangian approach, each continuum is discretized through a discrete set of material particles that lack connective mesh and follow the deformation undergone by the material. The dynamics of material particles obeys Newton’s laws of motion and the discretized form of the. Based on the solution algorithm of the discretized governing equations, two different approaches can usually be defined: weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH), if the continuum is assumed to be slightly compressible (governing equations can be decoupled), and incompressible SPH (ISPH)
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