Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation in Large Animals.

Xin Zhao,Huaqiang Yang,Xianyu Zhang,Zhenfang Wu,Weican Wan

doi:10.3390/ani11040918

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) is the only adult stem cell in males to transmit genetic information to offspring. SSC transplantation (SSCT) is a laboratory technique to regenerate spermatogenesis in recipient males, thus can be used as a novel breeding tool to benefit animal production. Although successful SSCT in rodent models has been established, progress in realizing SSCT in large animals has been limited. Here we discuss what we learned in this area from past experiments and highlight possible directions in developing effective SSCT protocol in large animals.Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT) can restore male fertility through transfer of germline between donor and recipient males. From an agricultural perspective, SSCT could be an important next-generation reproductive and breeding tool in livestock production. Current SSCT approaches in large animals remain inefficient and many technical details need further investigation. This paper reviews the current knowledge on SSCT in large animals, addressing (1) donor spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) preparation, (2) recipient male treatment, and (3) SSC injection, homing, and detection. The major studies showing unequivocal evidence of donor SSC-derived spermatogenesis in large animals (mainly in livestock for breeding purpose) are summarized to discuss the current status of the field and future directions.

Highlights

Spermatogenesis, a highly complex and tissue-coordinated process, maintains sperm production throughout the lifetime of male mammals
Zheng et al found in a separate study that in vitro proliferation of porcine spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) could be maintained for 1 month under the condition of 1% FBS and supplementation of growth factors [76]
In mice, transplanted cells are usually injected through efferent tubules, spermatogenesis animals generate donor-derived in sperm, can fertilize eggs to produce offspring whereas rete testisofisrecipient the easy route for to injection of spermatogonia some which large animals

Summary

Introduction

Spermatogenesis, a highly complex and tissue-coordinated process, maintains sperm production throughout the lifetime of male mammals. For the first time in 1994, Brinster and his colleagues transplanted testicular cell suspensions containing SSCs from fertile donor mice into the seminiferous tubules of the testes of infertile recipient mice. They observed complete donor cell-derived spermatogenesis, which resulted in the formation of mature sperm, and obtained the offspring of donor spermatogonia through natural mating [8,9]. A limited number of studies yielded donor SSC-derived embryos and offspring, and those that did, did so at low efficiencies [13,14,19,24,36] These limitations hinder SSCT application in the agricultural setting. We provide an overview of current progress in SSC biology, recipient preparation, and cell transfer methods, and summarize the key attempts and outcomes of SSCT in various large animal models

Overview of Spermatogenic Process

Preparation of DonorasSSCs the bona

Preparation of Recipients

Unequivocal Evidence of Successful SSCT in Large Animals

15 Gy and Total Cell

Summary