Spermatogonia From Cryopreserved Testes of Critically Endangered Chinese Sturgeon Efficiently Colonized and Preferentially Proliferated in the Recipient Gonads of Yangtze Sturgeon.

Abstract

The critically endangered Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, presents late sexual maturity and has a large body size. Germ cell transplantation is a powerful technique for the production of gametes from large-bodied species in closely related recipients with a smaller body size and shorter generation time. To accelerate reproduction of Chinese sturgeon, donor spermatogonia collected from the cryopreserved testes of 3-year-old Chinese sturgeon were intraperitoneally transplanted into 7-8 days post-hatch larvae of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) with shorter generation interval. At 2 months post-transplantation (mpt), donor spermatogonia had colonized in the 81.25% of recipient gonads, with average numbers about two times those of endogenous primordial germ cells. Within the next 2 months, the rate of endogenous germ cell division in females (2-3 times) was faster than that in males (once), whereas colonized donor-derived spermatogonia divided about 2-3 times and twice in recipient females and males, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of germ cell-related genes, dazl, dead end, and vasa, in transplanted fish was higher than that in non-transplanted fish, suggesting the incorporation and proliferation donor spermatogonia in recipient. At 18 mpt, donor-derived spermatogonia survived in the 75.00% of recipient gonads. These results showed that the somatic microenvironment of Yangtze sturgeon gonad can support the long-term colonization, proliferation, and survival of xenogeneic germ cells. Thus, this study suggested that small-bodied Yangtze sturgeon is promising recipient as surrogate for Chinese sturgeon gamete production.