Abstract
Abstract Since the establishment of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 1992, sperms have been observed, evaluated, and selected under an inverted microscope at 400 × magnification for ICSI. Intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) is a technique in which sperms are selected for micro insemination by more precisely observing their morphology, at increased magnification under an inverted microscope used for micro-insemination and enhancing the image resolution. Approximately 20 years have passed since IMSI was developed, and its efficacy has only been confirmed in cases with a high rate of sperm aneuploidy, a high rate of sperm DNA fragmentation, and repeated ICSI failures. It is well-known that the quality of sperms has a profound effect on the quality of embryos which may eventually become children. Therefore, when micro-insemination is performed, sperms should be selected by not only paying attention to their motility, but also by closely observing their morphology. Those ...
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