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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is shown to bring negative effects on male reproductive health due to long-term effects of insulin deficiency or resistance and increased oxidative stress. Ficus carica (FC), an herbal plant, known to have high antioxidant activity and antidiabetic properties, has been used traditionally to treat diabetes. The objective of this study is to determine the potential of the FC leaf extract in improving sperm quality of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male rats from proteomics perspective. A total of 20 male rats were divided into four groups; normal (nondiabetic rats), negative control (diabetic rats without treatment), positive control (diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg metformin), and FC group (diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/kg FC extract). The treatments were given via oral gavage for 21 consecutive days. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of FC treated group demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease compared to negative group after 21 days of treatment, as well as a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the sperm quality parameters compared to negative group. Sperm proteomics analysis on FC treated group also exhibited the increase of total protein expression especially the proteins related to fertility compared to negative group. In conclusion, this study clearly justified that FC extract has good potential as antihyperglycemic and profertility agent that may be beneficial for male diabetic patients who have fertility problems.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization [1], there were 422 million people with diabetes worldwide in 2014
Treatment with Ficus carica (FC) extract shows a significant decrease in blood glucose level closer to normal
These antihyperglycemic effects have been found to prevent the complications of diabetes on male rat fertility in accordance with the recovery of sperm quality parameters after treatment with FC extract
Summary
According to the World Health Organization [1], there were 422 million people with diabetes worldwide in 2014. Diabetes causes metabolic disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein that result in complications of the organ and body systems such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy diabetic [2]. Diabetes affects the function of the male reproductive system by decreasing sperm concentration, viability, and increasing sperm apoptosis [3,4]. The male reproductive system is affected by diabetes probably due to the insulin deficiency or resistance, and the increase of oxidative stress. Insulin deficiency or resistance is found to directly affect spermatogenesis, testis development, and the secretion of hormone related to male fertility due to the failure of glucose transportation into sertoli. Ding et al [6] reported that the increase of oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia causes the excessive production of free radicals that eventually induce sperm DNA fragmentation, and reduce the expression of fertility protein
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