Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of fertilization are summarized, highlighting newly discovered molecules implicated in sperm interactions with the epithelia of the female reproductive system (spermadhesins, BSP-proteins), sperm-zona binding (ZP4, ZP3R, IAM38/ZPBP), sperm oolemma binding and fusion (IZUMO, CD9, CD81), oocyte activation (PLCzeta, SRC-family kinases and their activators), and pronuclear development (nucleoplasmin, oocyte-specific histones). Sperm-contributed RNAs and signaling molecules are discussed, and the mechanisms of gamete interactions and antipolyspermy defense during natural fertilization are compared with fertilization events following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
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