Abstract
Spent oil shale (or blaes) is a potentially valuable engineering material and is present in large quantities in the West Lothian area of Scotland. It can be used successfully as general fill or capping layer. However, due to its high quality it may be more suited to use as selected granular fill or sub-base. In particular, cement stabilisation will reduce frost susceptibility and may be a particularly appropriate outlet for spent oil shale for use as sub-base. However, an increase in control and testing may be required, having an effect on the cost of using such materials. Conditions under which spent oil shale should not be used are also identified.
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