Abstract
ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic residues are used to produce mushrooms, but they generate large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate they effect of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, combined with organic fertilization, on biomass production and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The fertilizer was formulated using combinations of organic compounds: SMS, organic compost (OC), and earthworm humus (EH). The treatments were applied using 35 g of the formulations, corresponding to an application of 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments used were: 100% OC; 100% EH; 100% SMS; 75% SMS + 25% OC (C1); 75% SMS + 25% EH (C2); 50% SMS + 50% OC (C3); 50% SMS + 50% EH (C4); 50% SMS + 25% OC + 25% EH (C5), and a control with no fertilizer application (CT). Plants grown with the soil fertilizers containing SMS, single or combined with OC and EH, presented higher average plant height (55.6 to 62.2 cm) and leaf area per plant (696.5 to 836.4 cm2). The treatment C3 resulted in plants with higher mean dry weight (10.9 g plant-1), and C2 resulted in the highest oil yield (5.0 kg ha-1), representing a gain of 324.8% in oil yield when compared to the control. Thus, SMS increases biomass production and essential oil yield of basil plants.
Highlights
The agroindustrial production generates, in general, large quantities of lignocellulosic residues, and most of them are discarded due to the high operating cost for their use (NASCIMENTO FILHO; FRANCO, 2015)
5 kg of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) are generated per kilogram of fresh mushrooms produced (PAREDES et al, 2016; CORRÊA et al, 2016); these SMS are often discarded in locations distant from the production site to avoid the proliferation of flies, insects, and diseases (MARQUES et al, 2014; LOPES et al, 2015)
The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) was generated from the production of Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms in a substrate composed of solid residues from leaf decortication of sisal plants (Agave sisalana Perrine) for fiber extraction and from industrial processing of dry sisal fibers, as described by Carmo et al, (2021)
Summary
The agroindustrial production generates, in general, large quantities of lignocellulosic residues, and most of them are discarded due to the high operating cost for their use (NASCIMENTO FILHO; FRANCO, 2015). Mushroom species of the genus Pleurotus are the second most produced commercial edible mushrooms in the world (RAMAN et al, 2020). 5 kg of SMS are generated per kilogram of fresh mushrooms produced (PAREDES et al, 2016; CORRÊA et al, 2016); these SMS are often discarded in locations distant from the production site to avoid the proliferation of flies, insects, and diseases (MARQUES et al, 2014; LOPES et al, 2015). This procedure can contaminate the environment and waste natural resources
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