Speed of Sound of a Bose–Einstein Condensate with Dipole–Dipole Interactions

Abstract

In the present work the case of a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate is considered. The model includes not only the presence of the so-called contact interaction but also a long range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction has been included. Some thermodynamical properties are analyzed. For instance, the size of the condensate, chemical potential, speed of sound, number of particles, etc., are deduced. It will be shown that this dipole-dipole interaction implies the emergence of anisotropy, for example, in the speed of sound. The possible use of this anisotropy as a tool for the analyze of dissipative mechanisms, for instance, Landau's criterion for superfluidity, will be also discussed.