Abstract
Background: Feedback is considered as an effective means of motivating, guiding, and reinforcing desired behaviours. However, the ways to interpret external feedback may be different among individuals with different personality traits; therefore, this would influence the effects of feedback on performance. Accordingly, the influencing effects of personality towards different styles of feedback on cognitive task performance were examined. Methods: Participants (N = 71) were given three Stroop tasks as a dependent variable, whereas the Trail Making Task was an independent variable; additionally, a personality test was used to record the personality traits of each participant. The relationship between personality and feedback-induced changes in Stroop performance was computed by means of Pearson correlation, followed by a mixed-effect model to demonstrate the effect of personality on the overall performance with feedback. Results: The statistical analysis indicated that performance from those with higher levels of extraversion generally profitted from feedback, irrespective of whether it was negative feedback (r = 0.201) or positive feedback (r = 0.205). Additionally, the moderating effect of personality on feedback and performance was demonstrated. Conclusions: The limitations of the sample size and other external influences may have reduced the representativeness of the research. Nonetheless, more potential influencing factors need to be included and explored in future research.
Highlights
Feedback is considered to be an important psychological concept that influences an individual’s development
Regardless of different personality traits, the average response time of the Stroop task after negative feedback (M = 876.06, sd = 2407.02) was higher than that of positive feedback (M = 866.35, sd = 1458.89). This illustrated that most people reacted slower after receiving negative feedback
The current research could not affirm that negative feedback will impair performance on a subsequent task, and high extraversion was shown as benefiting from feedback, irrespective of the style
Summary
Feedback is considered to be an important psychological concept that influences an individual’s development. It refers to a process of receiving and inputting from the external environment based on the actions or output, either in a positive or negative way [1]. Given that feedback is provided to guide, motivate, and reinforce task-relevant behaviours, according to the feedback intervention theory [2], the comparison of feedback, desired goals, or standards regulates individual’s behaviour in a hierarchical format. Feedback is considered as an effective means of motivating, guiding, and reinforcing desired behaviours. The ways to interpret external feedback may be different among individuals with different personality traits; this would influence the effects of feedback on performance.
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