Abstract

<p class="1Body"><strong>Problem</strong>- The theory of Relativity is premised on the constancy of the speed of light (c) in-vacuo. While no empirical evidence convincingly shows the speed to be variable, nonetheless from a theoretical perspective the invariance is an assumption. <strong>Need-</strong> It is possible that the evidence could be explained by a different theory. <strong>Approach</strong>- A non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) solution, the Cordus particule theory, is applied to identify the causes of variability in the fabric density, and then show how this affects the speed of light. <strong>Findings</strong>- Under these assumptions the speed of light is variable (VSL), being inversely proportional to fabric density. This is because the discrete fields of the photon interact dynamically with the fabric and therefore consume frequency cycles of the photon. The fabric arises from aggregation of fields from particles, which in turn depends on the proximity and spatial distribution of matter. Results disfavour the universal applicability of the cosmological principle of homogeneity and isotropy of the universe. <strong>Originality</strong>- The work proposes causal mechanisms for VSL, which have otherwise been challenging to ascertain. Uniquely, this theory identifies fabric density as the dependent variable. In contrast, other VSL models propose that c varies with time or some geometric-like scale, but struggle to provide plausible reasons for that dependency. This theory also offers a conceptually simply way to reconcile the refraction of light in both gravitational situations and optical materials.</p>

Highlights

  • The constancy of the speed of light in the vacuum was the central insight in Einstein’s work on general and special relativity (Einstein, 1920), and forms the foundation of cosmological theory

  • We show that a variable speed of light (VSL) is a logical outcome for the non-local hidden-variable (NLHV) solution of the Cordus theory

  • This is a novel contribution to the VSL field, because (a) it proposes an underlying physical mechanism for the speed of light to be variable, which is otherwise exceedingly problematic, (b) it predicts a specific relationship between speed of light and fabric density, and this may be testable and falsifiable, (c) it recovers the Einsteinian assumption of the invariance of the speed of light, as a special case of isotropic fabric density, (d) it accommodates the relativity of light emissions, i.e. that the emitted speed of light is independent of the velocity of the emitting body

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Summary

Introduction

The constancy of the speed of light in the vacuum was the central insight in Einstein’s work on general and special relativity (Einstein, 1920), and forms the foundation of cosmological theory. In the late 1800s the propagation of light was believed to be through a medium called the luminiferous ether. One of these theories, the undulatory theory of de Broglie, Fresnel, Schrödinger and others (de Broglie, 1925; Schrödinger, 1926), proposed that the ether was generally at rest, except in transparent bodies where it caused refraction. The Michelson-Morley experiment (Michelson & Morley, 1887) directly tested the idea of Earth moving through a stationary ether, by looking for differences in the speed of light in orthogonal directions, and found no evidence to support such a theory. The constancy of the speed of light is www.ccsenet.org/apr

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