Abstract
In the transportation sector, safety risks can be significantly reduced by monitoring the behaviour of drivers and by discouraging possible misconducts that entail fatigue and can increase the possibility of accidents. The Smart Tachograph (ST), the new revision of the Digital Tachograph (DT), has been designed with this purpose: to verify that speed limits and compulsory rest periods are respected by drivers. In order to operate properly, the ST periodically checks the consistency of data from different sensors, which can be potentially manipulated to avoid the monitoring of the driver behaviour. In this respect, the ST regulation specifies a test procedure to detect motion conflicts originating from inconsistencies between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and odometry data. This paper provides an experimental evaluation of the speed verification procedure specified by the ST regulation. Several hours of data were collected using three vehicles and considering light urban and highway environments. The vehicles were equipped with an On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) data reader and a GPS/Galileo receiver. The tests prescribed by the regulation were implemented with specific focus on synchronization aspects. The experimental analysis also considered aspects such as the impact of tunnels and the presence of data gaps. The analysis shows that the metrics selected for the tests are resilient to data gaps, latencies between GNSS and odometry data and simplistic manipulations such as data scaling. The new ST forces an attacker to falsify data from both sensors at the same time and in a coherent way. This makes more difficult the implementation of frauds in comparison to the current version of the DT.
Highlights
The aim of the Smart Tachograph (ST), the new revision of the Digital Tachograph (DT) [1], is to improve safety in the transportation sector by recording the driving time, breaks, rest periods as well as periods of other work undertaken by a driver of commercial vehicles
The section details results obtained under normal conditions, when no manipulation is applied to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and odometry data
Note that the duration of the data gap obtained in the original tunnel is approximately 28 s, where the first 10 s are equal to the GNSS speed value held by the receiver and the remaining speed values are set to zero due to loss of tracking
Summary
The aim of the Smart Tachograph (ST), the new revision of the Digital Tachograph (DT) [1], is to improve safety in the transportation sector by recording the driving time, breaks, rest periods as well as periods of other work undertaken by a driver of commercial vehicles. Monitoring the behaviour of drivers is expected to discourage the infringement of road regulations, forcing drivers to respect rest periods and speed limits. While breaking road rules may, at least conceptually, increase productivity, a tired driver is more prone to accidents with potentially severe effects on people and infrastructures. The use of the tachograph is prescribed for vehicles having a mass of more than. The tachograph is an electronic device, which collects data from several sensors and records driving time, breaks as well as rest periods of a driver. EU regulation 165/2014 [2] adopted in February 2014 foresees
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