Speech, Language, and Hearing Disorders

Abstract

Chapters 1 through 8 conclude with "Summary," "Self-Test," and "References." Preface 1.Introduction to Speech, Language, and Hearing Problems in the Schools. Who Is the Speech-Language Pathologist? Who Is the Audiologist? Do Speech-Language Pathologists and Educational Audiologists Belong to NEA? Are There Speech-Language Pathology Aides (Like Teacher Aides)? Does Every School Have a Speech-Language Pathologist? What Does Federal Law Have to Do with Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology? Are There Differences in the Terms Communication, Language, and Speech? What Kinds of Communicative Disorders Should the Teacher Look for in the Classroom? What Causes Speech and Language Problems? What Are the Responsibilities of the Speech-Language Pathologist? 2.Articulation and Phonological Disorders. What Is a Speech Sound? What Types of Speech Sound Problems Do Children Exhibit? Articulation. Phonology. What Causes Articulatory or Phonological Errors to Occur? Assessment. Treatment. When Should Children Be Dismissed from Therapy? How Can a Teacher Help Children with Articulatory or Phonological Problems? Is There a Relationship between Speech Sound Errors and Academic Subjects? What about the Articulation and Phonology of Students Who Speak Dialects or English as a Second Language? Case Histories. 3.Language Disabilities. How Do Children Learn Language? Just What Is the Relationship between a Learning Disability and a Language Disability? What Causes Language Disabilities? What Are the Dimensions of Language? What Are the Characteristics of a Language Disability? What Sort of Assessment Is There for Language? What about the Language Abilities of Students Who Speak Dialects or English as a Second Language? What Effect Does a Language Disability Have on Academic Performance? Is There a Relationship between Language Disabilities and ADHD? Does a Language Disability Affect Psychological and Sociological Adjustment? What about Remediation? What Does the Future Hold for Children and Youth with Language Disabilities? Case History. 4.Stuttering. What Is Known about "Normal" Speech and Stuttering? What Causes Stuttering? Is There Help for the Child Who Stutters? Case Histories. 5.Voice Disorders. Do Many Children Have Voice Disorders? When Should a Child Be Referred to a Speech-Language Pathologist? Are There Different Kinds of Voice Disorders? What Are the Causes of Voice Disorders? Can Voice Problems Be Related to Other Conditions? How Is the Voice Assessed and Evaluated? What Is Involved in Voice Therapy? What Is Cleft Palate? Case Histories. 6.Hearing and Hearing Loss. What Is Sound? What Is Normal Hearing? How Do We Hear? How Do We Understand What We Hear? How Is Hearing Measured? What Are the Types and Common Causes of Hearing Loss in Children? What Are the Classifications of Hearing Loss? What Is the Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Children? Case History. 7.School Children with Hearing Impairments. How Are Hearing Losses Detected? What Types of Speech and Language Problems Do Children with Hearing Impairments Have? How Do Children with Hearing Impairments Learn Language and Speech? Case Histories. 8.Low-Incidence Populations and Techniques of Special Concern. What special Problems May the Teacher Encounter in the Classroom? What Remediation Techniques Are Available for Children with Special Problems? General Problems. 9.Teachers and Their Responsibilities Regarding Communication. General Responsibilities of a Teacher. Detect Possible Communicative Problems and Make Appropriate Referrals to a Speech-Language Pathologist. Prevention of Communication Disabilities. Appendix A. Children's Literature Books Useful to Teachers. Appendix B. Answers to Self-Test Questions.