Speech Functions Realized by the First Speakers of an English Debate Competition

Indriyati Hadiningrum

doi:10.20884/1.jes.2020.1.1.2747

Abstract

Debate is a form of argument or discussion of a particular issue and it usually involves two or more speakers who express different views from each other. In a debate, speakers produce meaningful string of words to express their opinions and the words they produce may contain speech functions. The focus of this study is the speech functions realized by the first speakers in a debate competition. The debate being studied refers to a competition called Indonesian Varsity English Debate (IVED), a national debate competition held in Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. The objectives of this study are to find out the speech function choices realized by both the first speakers of the affirmative and the negative teams; and to see how the use of speech functions contributes to the development of argumentation in the debate. The data was taken from an English debate competition, i.e. the final round of IVED, which was recorded on a video compact disk. The qualitative method was conducted, and the speech functions were categorized based on the network of speech function developed by Suzanne Eggins and Diana Slade (1997). The results of this study show that the speech functions realized by the first speaker of the affirmative team are opening and continuing speech functions. The speakers of the negative team, by contrast, realized opening, continuing, and reacting speech functions because they needed to issue rebuttals of the affirmative arguments.

Highlights

Debate can be defined as a discussion when speakers present arguments to persuade an audience or interlocutors
Participants or speakers in a debate present their arguments intended on persuading each other, using spoken language that is often supported by non-verbal activities, e.g. gesture and facial expressions
The main data is the final round recording of the Indonesian Varsity English Debate (IVED) which is a national English debate competition held in Universitas Jenderal Soedirman in 2007

Summary

Introduction

Debate can be defined as a discussion when speakers present arguments to persuade an audience or interlocutors. Participants in a debate, or debaters, usually work in a team They must think critically based on facts they have; so, they are able to defend their arguments. Speakers or participants produce meaningful string of words expressing their ideas, arguments, and opinions. In this sense, speech sounds or voices are the medium, which in turn they are in the category of spoken language. Participants or speakers in a debate present their arguments intended on persuading each other, using spoken language that is often supported by non-verbal activities, e.g. gesture and facial expressions

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Conclusion