Abstract
This chapter presents four measures of speech acoustics that are needed to specify the speech signal. These measures are the fundamental vocal frequency, vocal intensity, speech sound duration, and the composition of the wave form of speech, which identifies the speech spectrum. There is a wide range of studies that describe speech spectra. In some instances, investigators have concentrated their attention upon the acoustic characteristics of particular speech sounds. For example, Holbrook and Fairbanks (1962) traced the movements of diphthong formants, while Fairbanks and Grubb (1961) and Peterson and Barney (1952), among others, provided valuable information regarding the acoustic characteristics of the vowels of the language. Information concerning consonant spectra has been provided by Halle, Hughes, and Radley and Heinz and Stevens, among others. Measures of fundamental frequency information have been provided by numerous investigators on the mean fundamental frequency and range in populations of widely differing ages
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