Spectrum of the Oral Lesions in a Rural-based Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central India

Abstract

Background: The oral cavity is a common site for pathological lesion with a wide spectrum of neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. They are either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Some lesions may prove to be premalignant and may be a cause of malignancy in future. Histopathological reporting is very important and essential part because the core finding we provide in reporting significantly influences the treatment part.Material and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas (Madhya Pradesh) from May 2021 to March 2023. The study included all the patients admitted in ENT, Surgery and Oncology wards of hospital presenting with oral pathology and given written informed consent. A total 80 cases were taken in to account and were studied, in relation with age, sex, site predilection.All biopsy specimens and resected tissues/organs were received in 10% formalin solution and were processed as per standard protocol and slides of standard thickness were prepared for histopathological examination. After thorough microscopic study, the diagnosis was made and categorized into major groups (non-neoplastic, benign, borderline and malignant) and subgroups according to type of lesion on histopathological examination.Results: The site of involvement of various lesions shows maximum involvement of buccal mucosa 43(53.75%),followed by tongue 19(23.75%), tonsil 7(8.75%), alveolus 4(5%) , floor of mouth 3(3.75%) and least involvement of lip and palate with 2(2.5%) cases in each. Of the inflammatory lesions tonsils were the commonest site of involvement.Conclusion: We conclude our study with the findings that lesions of buccal mucosa is commonest site andsquamous cell carcinoma was the commonest entity with diversity in lesions and a wide age group of presentation. This emphasizes the role of histopathological study and diagnosis in oral lesions and provides us with valuable information of the lesion being neoplastic or non-neoplastic and timely intervention could be planned.