SPECTRUM OF MALIGNANT LESIONS IN HEAD AND NECK REGION: A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL BASED STUDY FROM NORTH EAST INDIA

Abstract

Introduction: Most head and neck region malignancies arise in the epithelium of oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Most of head and neck carcinomas are squamous cell carcinoma. It is the 6th most common carcinoma in the world according to Union for International Cancer control. AIM: To evaluate the spectrum of malignant lesions in head and neck region and to look for the associated risk factors. Methodology: A one year retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology in collaboration with the Department of ENT, from Feb 2022 to Jan 2023, where 140 parafn embedded tissue blocks of head and neck biopsies were collected from the archives of the department. Results: A total 140 cases were included of which 104 (74.3%) were males and 36 (25.7%) were females. Male to female ratio = 2.8:1. The most affected age group is 51-60 years. The most important risk factor is betel nut consumption followed by tobacco chewing. The most common site involved is the oropharynx followed by tongue. Most of the carcinomas are moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Head and neck malignancies are quite common in Northeastern region of India, so wehave performed this study to evaluate the spectrum of malignant lesions in head and neck region. Its association with risk factors are also studied for the prevention, early detection, early treatment intervention and withdrawal from risk habits for improving the wellbeing of the people in the society