Abstract
BackgroundThe spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have mainly been reported from the developed countries; data from developing countries is sparse and conflicting. The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of various ILDs from a developing country.MethodsThis is an analysis of prospectively collected clinical, radiological and histological data of consecutive subjects (age >12 years) with ILDs from a single tertiary care medical center. The diagnosis of the specific subtype of ILD was made according to standard criteria for various ILDs.ResultsA total of 803 subjects (mean age, 50.6 years; 50.2% women) were enrolled between March 2015 to February 2017 of which 566 (70.5%) were diagnosed during the study period (incident cases). Sarcoidosis (42.2%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 21.2%), connective tissue disease (CTD)-related ILDs (12.7%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (10.7%), and non-IPF idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (9.2%) were the most common ILDs. The spectrum of ILDs was not significantly different (p = 0.87) between incident and prevalent cases. A histopathological specimen was obtained in 49.9% of the subjects yielding a histologically confirmed diagnosis in 40.6%. A diagnostic procedure was not performed in 402 subjects; the most common reasons were presence of definite usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on high resolution computed tomography and patients’ unwillingness to undergo the procedure.ConclusionSarcoidosis, IPF and CTD-ILDs were the most common ILDs seen at a tertiary center in northern India similar to the spectrum reported from developed countries. More studies are required from developing countries to ascertain the spectrum of ILDs in different geographic locales.
Highlights
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma.[1]
Sarcoidosis (42.2%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 21.2%), connective tissue disease (CTD)-related ILDs (12.7%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (10.7%), and non-Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (9.2%) were the most common ILDs
A diagnostic procedure was not performed in 402 subjects; the most common reasons were presence of definite usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on high resolution computed tomography and patients’ unwillingness to undergo the procedure
Summary
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma.[1]. With differences in the genetic profile, environmental factors, occupational exposures, smoking habits, socio-cultural and farming practices in developing countries, the spectrum of ILDs may be different from other regions of the world.[16, 17] There is an unmet need for studies on the epidemiology of ILDs from the developing world. There are a few studies from developing countries that have reported the case-mix of ILDs from tertiary centers, majority of these studies were small and have not used the standard criteria for the diagnosis of various ILDs. The spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) have mainly been reported from the developed countries; data from developing countries is sparse and conflicting. The aim of this study is to describe the distribution of various ILDs from a developing country
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